2015年12月26日 星期六

【 台灣反宗教者聯盟:今日基督教依其本質與潛能仍是非常腐敗與專制暴力的 教宗方濟各批教廷官僚 15 宗罪及患了心靈的阿茲海默症 】

個人反宗教是「徹底地」反宗教,個人是達爾文主義者、無神論者、理性主義者、人文主義者。有些反宗教的人只是反壞的宗教組織與宗教徒,個人和這些人的差別很大。一般人認為德國人比較坦率,個人長期近身觀察德國基督徒,認為他們基督徒都是偽君子。個人不是溫和地反宗教,而是極端地反宗教,因為個人認為宗教毀壞人們可貴的人生。所以,雖然在反宗教組織沙漠的台灣,與在眾人不解的眼光中,個人在網路上設立「台灣反宗教者聯盟」,即使個人除了有時貼文外並無其它行動。

基督教舊教天主教的神父、修女禁慾,似乎是最有犧牲精神的教士。台灣的天主教徒與其它大宗教相比雖然不是大的宗教,但傳教力驚人,其中許多歐美神父、修女終生奉獻台灣,個人也認識一些,並肯定他們的無私奉獻精神。

基督教不論是舊教還是新教的組織,與台灣傳統的佛教、道教等教的宗教組織相,要比這些優質許多。今日基督教所以如此,主要是受歐美社會的影響。民主制度下的高品質社會,如沐春風,逼迫基督教變得文明起來。否則依基督教本質與潛能,即使今天仍是非常腐敗與專制暴力的。

現任天主教教宗方濟各(Pope Francis)在今年聖誕節前數日,21 日在與教廷高層官員舉辦的耶誕聚會上,條列了教廷官僚的 15 宗罪或 15 項弊病,痛批官員已經患了「心靈的阿茲海默症」等。對個人而言這些罪名只是基督教的小病,如前所述按基督教的教義與今日教會本性,它本質上、潛能上仍是非常腐敗與專制暴力的。

「台灣反宗教者聯盟」陳立民 Chen Lih Ming (陳哲) 於 26 Dec 2015

教宗方濟各的 15 條教廷官僚小病新聞還是收錄於下:

耶誕節前說真話!教宗列「15 宗罪」轟教廷
自由時報 即時新聞/綜合報導 2015-12-25  10:59

耶誕節來臨,世界各地都充滿佳節慶祝的氣氛,但開明形象著稱的教宗方濟各(Pope Francis)不僅要教徒不要沉迷消費享樂,日前他更列出「15 大宗罪」,嚴厲譴責教廷的官僚文化。

教宗方濟各昨日在梵蒂岡聖伯多祿大教堂主持平安夜彌撒,他表示耶誕是再一次的反省及尋找自我的時間,希望教徒承傳耶穌精神,回歸生活的基本價值,不要沉迷於消費、享樂及財富,應該過著簡單的生活。

阿根廷籍的方濟各是 1200 年來首位非歐洲籍、也是史上首位南美洲的教宗,他上任後以其開明作風聞名,更力促教廷進行改革

他在 21 日與教廷高層官員進行耶誕聚會上,更條列了教廷官僚文化的 15 項罪名,痛批官員已經患了「心靈的阿茲海默症」。

1.自已為不朽、純潔,不可取代。許多人不知反省與上進,如同一個病人。
2.過度勤奮。對於已完成工作的人,休息是必要、有益而且是需要認真以對的。
3.心理和精神僵化。失去了為哭泣者哭泣、為喜悅者喜悅的人性。
4.過度規劃。準備是必要的,但不能以為能掌控一切,有些事情是超越人所能計劃的。
5.缺乏合作。成員之間失去交流,成為不和諧的團隊。
6.心靈阿茲海默症。只看到眼前的一切,忘記救贖的歷史,失去認識主的歷程。
7.追逐名利。只在意身上教袍的徽章和顏色。
8.身陷「存在的精神分裂症」。許多人過著虛偽的雙重生活。
9.犯下「八卦恐怖主義」。沒有勇氣當面直言,只會在背後抱怨和八卦。
10.巴結領袖。許多人巴結上級,希望從中獲得好處,這些人是投機者與野心家。
11.希望鶴立雞群。有些人出於嫉妒,希望他人失敗,而非鼓勵、幫助他人。
12.經常擺臉色。在現實生活中,刻意的嚴肅與悲觀,常常代表著恐懼與不安全感,
13.求許更多物質財富。這些人通常不是出於需要,而是為了填補內心的空虛與不安全感。
14.畫小圈圈。這個病徵一開始通常立意良善,他通常會變成是奴役成員的癌症,並傷害所有成員。
15.希望獲得、炫耀世俗利益。這些人不滿於現狀,希望運用權利獲得更多利益,不惜污衊、誹謗和詆毀他人,並炫耀自己更有能力。

下中英文 為自由時報中文 15 條與華盛頓郵報刊登 15 條的中英文對照,其中英文粗體字為 The Washington Post 原文
1.自已為不朽、純潔,不可取代。許多人不知反省與上進,如同一個病人。
1) “The sickness of considering oneself ‘immortal’, ‘immune’ or ‘indispensable’, neglecting the necessary and habitual controls. A Curia that is not self-critical, that does not stay up-to-date, that does not seek to better itself, is an ailing body. … It is the sickness of the rich fool who thinks he will live for all eternity, and of those who transform themselves into masters and believe themselves superior to others, rather than at their service”.

2.過度勤奮。對於已完成工作的人,休息是必要、有益而且是需要認真以對的。
2) “‘Martha-ism’, or excessive industriousness; the sickness of those who immerse themselves in work, inevitably neglecting ‘the better part’ of sitting at Jesus’ feet. Therefore, Jesus required his disciples to rest a little, as neglecting the necessary rest leads to stress and agitation. Rest, once one who has brought his or her mission to a close, is a necessary duty and must be taken seriously: in spending a little time with relatives and respecting the holidays as a time for spiritual and physical replenishment, it is necessary to learn the teaching of Ecclesiastes, that ‘there is a time for everything’.”

3.心理和精神僵化。失去了為哭泣者哭泣、為喜悅者喜悅的人性。
3) “The sickness of mental and spiritual hardening: that of those who, along the way, lose their inner serenity, vivacity and boldness and conceal themselves behind paper, becoming working machines rather than men of God. … It is dangerous to lose the human sensibility necessary to be able to weep with those who weep and to rejoice with those who rejoice! It is the sickness of those who lose those sentiments that were present in Jesus Christ”.

4.過度規劃。準備是必要的,但不能以為能掌控一切,有些事情是超越人所能計劃的。
4) “The ailment of excessive planning and functionalism: this is when the apostle plans everything in detail and believes that, by perfect planning things effectively progress, thus becoming a sort of accountant. … One falls prey to this sickness because it is easier and more convenient to settle into static and unchanging positions. Indeed, the Church shows herself to be faithful to the Holy Spirit to the extent that she does not seek to regulate or domesticate it. The Spirit is freshness, imagination and innovation”

5.缺乏合作。成員之間失去交流,成為不和諧的團隊。
5) “Sickness of poor coordination develops when the communion between members is lost, and the body loses its harmonious functionality and its temperance, becoming an orchestra of cacophony because the members do not collaborate and do not work with a spirit of communion or as a team.”

6.心靈阿茲海默症。只看到眼前的一切,忘記救贖的歷史,失去認識主的歷程。
6) “Spiritual Alzheimer’s disease, or rather forgetfulness of the history of Salvation, of the personal history with the Lord, of the ‘first love': this is a progressive decline of spiritual faculties, that over a period of time causes serious handicaps, making one incapable of carrying out certain activities autonomously, living in a state of absolute dependence on one’s own often imaginary views. We see this is those who have lost their recollection of their encounter with the Lord … in those who build walls around themselves and who increasingly transform into slaves to the idols they have sculpted with their own hands”.

7.追逐名利。只在意身上教袍的徽章和顏色。
7) “The ailment of rivalry and vainglory: when appearances, the colour of one’s robes, insignia and honours become the most important aim in life. … It is the disorder that leads us to become false men and women, living a false ‘mysticism’ and a false ‘quietism’.”

8.身陷「存在的精神分裂症」。許多人過著虛偽的雙重生活。
8) “Existential schizophrenia: the sickness of those who live a double life, fruit of the hypocrisy typical of the mediocre and the progressive spiritual emptiness that cannot be filled by degrees or academic honours. This ailment particularly afflicts those who, abandoning pastoral service, limit themselves to bureaucratic matters, thus losing contact with reality and with real people. They create a parallel world of their own, where they set aside everything they teach with severity to others and live a hidden, often dissolute life.”

9.犯下「八卦恐怖主義」。沒有勇氣當面直言,只會在背後抱怨和八卦。
9) “Chatter, grumbling and gossip: this is a serious illness that begins simply, often just in the form of having a chat, and takes people over, turning them into sowers of discord, like Satan, and in many cases cold-blooded murderers of the reputations of their colleagues and brethren. It is the sickness of the cowardly who, not having the courage to speak directly to the people involved, instead speak behind their backs”.

10.巴結領袖。許多人巴結上級,希望從中獲得好處,這些人是投機者與野心家。
10) “The sickness of deifying leaders is typical of those who court their superiors, with the hope of receiving their benevolence. They are victims of careerism and opportunism, honouring people rather than God. They are people who experience service thinking only of what they might obtain and not of what they should give. They are mean, unhappy and inspired only by their fatal selfishness.”

11.希望鶴立雞群。有些人出於嫉妒,希望他人失敗,而非鼓勵、幫助他人。
11) “The disease of indifference towards others arises when each person thinks only of himself, and loses the sincerity and warmth of personal relationships. When the most expert does not put his knowledge to the service of less expert colleagues; when out of jealousy … one experiences joy in seeing another person instead of lifting him up or encouraging him.”

12.經常擺臉色。在現實生活中,刻意的嚴肅與悲觀,常常代表著恐懼與不安全感,
12) “The illness of the funereal face: or rather, that of the gruff and the grim, those who believe that in order to be serious it is necessary to paint their faces with melancholy and severity, and to treat others – especially those they consider inferior – with rigidity, hardness and arrogance. In reality, theatrical severity and sterile pessimism are often symptoms of fear and insecurity.”

13.求許更多物質財富。這些人通常不是出於需要,而是為了填補內心的空虛與不安全感。
13) “The disease of accumulation: when the apostle seeks to fill an existential emptiness of the heart by accumulating material goods, not out of necessity but simply to feel secure. … Accumulation only burdens and inexorably slows down our progress.” 

14.畫小圈圈。這個病徵一開始通常立意良善,他通常會變成是奴役成員的癌症,並傷害所有成員。
14) “The ailment of closed circles: when belonging to a group becomes stronger than belonging to the Body and, in some situations, to Christ Himself. This sickness too may start from good intentions but, as time passes, enslaves members and becomes a ‘cancer’ that threatens the harmony of the Body and causes a great deal of harm – scandals – especially to our littlest brothers.”

15.希望獲得、炫耀世俗利益。這些人不滿於現狀,希望運用權利獲得更多利益,不惜污衊、誹謗和詆毀他人,並炫耀自己更有能力。
15) The “disease of worldly profit and exhibitionism: when the apostle transforms his service into power, and his power into goods to obtain worldly profits or more power. This is the disease of those who seek insatiably to multiply their power and are therefore capable of slandering, defaming and discrediting others, even in newspapers and magazines, naturally in order to brag and to show they are more capable than others.”

2015年12月18日 星期五

【 生命最後階段的《病人自主權利法》 與「尊重人的主體性」道德原理 】

重病患者有些會入末期病人、永久植物人、極重度失智等不可逆的昏迷,且不可逆的狀況。人可以「預立醫療決定」,在這種狀況下是終止、撤除、不進行維持生命的治療或灌食。這個是昨天立法通過的《病人自主權利法》。這是人生與道德學的重大事件。

首先這種診斷必須非常嚴謹,必須有外院專科醫師。陷入昏迷狀況的意義是已喪失人的特質。不可逆的重點之一是說,不可能回復到有意識的狀況。在醫學上一般的判斷必須是,除非醫學發現新治療法,否則不可能恢復。當病人沒有進入這種狀況時,醫師必須全力治療,病人及家屬沒有要求醫師放棄醫治的權利。

當然也有發生過病情恢復的狀況,也就是被認為「奇蹟」的狀況,那是超過醫學的知識。不過這種被醫師也認為是「奇蹟」的狀況,絕不可能是由於神蹟、作法、替代醫學等。

當此病況醫學束手無策時,它進入倫理學領域。個人認為,保障人的生存權是道德學的絕對命題。但道德是什麼?個人給道德下的定義為「道德是尊重人的主體性」;個人認為道德的次佳定義為「尊重人的主體性」。此法名稱《病人自主權利法》不錯,符合「尊重人的主體性」之定義。符合定義很重要,因為個人認為,定義是最簡潔的理論。不過,此處所說的「符合」是指法案的「名稱」符合,尚非涉及此法案內容。

陳立民  Chen Lih Ming (陳哲)  19 Dec 2015
20151219

下方兩張四報照片,各為蘋果日報與中央社所拍攝發佈。



下為十二月十九日台灣四報頭版新聞:
人生與倫理學的《病人自主權利法》 成為三報頭條
2015 12 19

蘋果日報頭條:三讀通過 人人可預立拒絕醫療
保障病患生命尊嚴大躍進!立法院昨趕在會期最後一天,三讀通過《病人自主權利法》,民眾未來可先預立「醫療決定」,若病況符合末期病人、永久植物人、極重度失智等不可逆的昏迷,且經醫師、緩和醫療團隊確認病情不可逆,醫師可按預先擬好的醫療決定,選擇撤除維生器具、不灌食,讓民眾有「拒絕醫療」權利。

聯合報頭條:亞洲第一部病人自主權利法 5類重病者有善終權
為保障病人生命自主權,立法院昨天通過「病人自主權利法」,未來民眾可以「預立醫療決定」,末期病人、植物人、極重度失智等患者,經醫療評估確認病情無法恢復,醫師可依病人預立意願,終止、撤除、不進行維持生命的治療或灌食。

中國時報頭條:重病可拒絕急救自主善終
攸關病人醫療自主、善終權益的《病人自主權利法》,昨天在立法院停會前最後一刻終於三讀通過。未來年滿20歲的民眾可以「預立醫療決定」,當病況符合末期病人、處於不可逆轉的昏迷狀況、永久植物人、極重度失智等狀態時,醫師得依照病人決定,不施行急救或撤除維生治療,讓病人有尊嚴的離去。新法為亞洲第一部病人自主權利專法,將於公布3年後施行。

自由時報第二頭條報導:植物人、極度失智醫不醫可預做選擇

立法院院會昨三讀通過亞洲第一部「病人自主權利法」,三年後上路,屆時年滿廿歲民眾就可以預立醫療決定,一旦遇上重症末期、不可逆的昏迷、永久植物人、極重度失智等情況時,是要接受或拒絕醫療,執行病人決定的醫師無需負刑事與行政責任。